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commercial cfd software solves both fluid flow and heat transfer throughout the system, which enable engineers to predict air flow distribution, chip junction temperature, local heat transfer coefficient and heat sink performance, etc.

due to the complex geometries of components on pcbs and the forced convection cooling of high power chassis, the air flow is turbulent in nature for most cases. to accurately predict the airflow, engineers using the cfd software are required to have certain knowledge of turbulent models to select an appropriate one for their application. 

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