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heat pipes are simple heat transfer devices that are ubiquitous in electronics cooling applications. they transfer heat with a very low thermal resistance but are limited in the maximum load by various factors. the performance of the heat pipe is defined by both the maximum heat load and the thermal resistance when operating within that limit.
figure 1 shows the schematic of a heat pipe and the different component thermal resistances.
one of the variables that determine the performance of a heat pipe is the thermophysical properties of the working fluid. because of the temperature range of electronics, the most cost effective working fluid is water. although water is the best heat transfer fluid, its properties can be enhanced by introduction nano-particles.
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