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thermoelectric coolers (tec) are solid state refrigeration devices which use dc current to generate cooling or heating. unlike traditional vapor-compression refrigeration system, thermoelectric cooling has no moving parts and circulating fluid. its simple structure and small size makes it a good choice for a thermal management device in electronics.

however, the low coefficient of performance (cop) of a tec hampers its wide deployment.  our article consider the optimization for best cooling effect. 

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